Carbureter.



E. J. KANE.

CARBURETER. APPLICATION FILED JUNE so, 1913.

Patented Aug. 25, 1914,

III F UNITED STATES PATENT orrion.

J. KANE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER-CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

GARB URETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.v Pgmbgnted Aug. 25, 1914.,

Application filed June 30, 1913. Serial no. 77e,e23.'

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND J. KANE, .a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and use-' ful Improvements in Carburetors, of whichthe following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

This invention relates to carbureters for internal combustion engines.

The object of this invention is to obtain the proper proportions of theingredients of an explosive mixture for internal combustion enginesoperating on varying loads and The invention is illustrated on theaccon1- panying sheet of drawings in which Figure 1* is a side elevationof my carbureter; Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same I carburetor;Fig. 3 is a plan view of the carbureter; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary detailsectional view of the carburetor, showing the throttling valve indifferent positions, the section of the Valve being taken along theplane of line -1% of Fig. 5; and, Fig. 5 is a detail view of thethrottling valve.

The various novel features of my invention will be apparent from thedescription and drawings, and will be particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

One of the 'main problems in dealing with carbureters is to obtain theproper proportion of the ingredients of the combustible mixture atdifferent engine loads and speeds. It is a well known fact that with anoil or fuel nozzle in an air passageway, the rela- .tive proportions ofair andoil will vary with ,the dil'i'erent speeds of the air through thepassageway. That is, if at a low air speed,

there is obtained a mixture, for instance of 15 parts of air to one ofoil, at a higher air speed the mixture will contain relatively morefuel; for example, ten parts of air to one of oil. If the nozzle isadjusted so that the best mixture is obtained at low air speeds, it willbe too rich at higher air speeds Ti the nozzle i adjusted at higherspeeds, the mixture will be too lean at low air speeds. The air speed inthe inlet pipe of an engine depends upon the load and speed of theengine. When attempting to burn the heavier fuels, such as kerosene anda5 distillate, water must be introduced into the mixture inan entirelyditlerent proportion to the amount of oil. It has beenfound byexperiment, for no loads and light loads up to a certain point no wateris required. In as fact water would be detrimental. Beyond this pointwater is introduced, the heavier the load the greater the iiniountofwater. This carbureter is designed to keep the air at the propervelocity at all loads, and to control automatically the inhalation ofwater so that at no load and light load' water will not be drawn intothemixture, while at heavy loads it will be. The carbureter includes a mainbody portion 10, having an air passageway 11, the section of which (seeFig. is somewhat irregular in that one end 05 the section is large whencompared with the other end. The section of the air passageway might besaid to be 3 pear-shaped. This main body portion 10 is also providedwith a cylindrical portion 12, in .which is adapted to operate athrottling valve l3which is automatically operated by the enginegovernor (not shown), the connection to which is indicated by a rod 14.Secured to the top of the main body portion 10 is a cover member 15,having a passageway 16 communicating with the air'passageway 11. bodyportion 10 of the carbureter is a receptacle 17 divided by a centralpartition 18 to form an oil chamber 19 and water chamber 20. The oilchamber is provided with a partition 1? for controlling the oil level,the oil passing into the chamber through an inlet pipe 21 andoverflowing into an outlet pipe The water receptacle has a similarpartition 23 and inlet and overflow pipes 24 and 25 respectively. Anozzle 26 loading 0 from the oil chamber projects into the larger sideof the air passageway 11 above the throttling valve 13. T he nozzle isprovided with a hand-operated needle valve 27 for regulating the flowtlierefroi'n. nozzle 28 connected with the water chamber projects intothe smaller side of the air passageway l l above throttling valve 1nozzle is also provided with a m trolled needle valve 3? The This{Secured to the side of the main )0 A. similar thrws ing valve isprovided with a radial portion which prevents passage of air through itsside of the throttling valve. 'lhls throttling valve also, has a wingedportion 31 in which and light load conditions, due to the fact that thecompression is low. The richness of the mixture may be diminishedgradually as the load increases by drawing in a relatively greateramount of air. When the engine r aches a certain per cent. of its ratedhorsepower and is running on kerosene or other heavy fuels, it isnecessary that water he added to the mixture, not only for the coolingeli'ect it may have, but also to assist in diminishing the richness ofthe mixture and to prevent pro-ignition of the explosive mixture, whichis the cause of pounding in the c linder. If water were permitted toform a part 01' the mixture when the engine is working below thiscertain per cent. of its rated horsepower, such water would prove to bedetrimental. When the engine is running at no load, or light loads, thethrottle valve 13 is nearly closed; that is, the air passageu'ay 11 isclosed at all points with the exception oi a. small opening adjacent theliquid fuel or oil inlet nozzle 26. It will be apparent that when thereis only a slight opening at the oil nozzle, the smaller portion of theair passageway 1]. adjacent the water inlet nozzle will be closed, dueto the diminishing dimensions of the cross section of the air passageway11 from the oil nozzle to the water nozzle, as shown particularly inlig.

it will be observed also that the dotted line position of the throttlingvalve in Fig. 1 is the same as the full l'ne position of the throttlingvalve in. Fig. l. From this it will be seen, that due to the particularsection of the air passageway 11 there is a small opening betweenthewinged portion 31 and an internal ed go 33 of the. carburetor bodyformed by the intersection of the air passageway 11 and cylindricalportion 12, permitting a flow ol 'air past the oil nozzle 26, and thatthe opposite end of the throttling valve adjacent the depressed portionthereof over laps the edge 33 of the carburetor body preventing a how ofair past the water inlet nozzle. it is seen, therefore, that in thisposition of the throttling valve, which cor responds to no load, thevacuum formed in the cylinder of the engine extends to the lower partof. tho carbureter body and also beyond the opening of the throttlingvalve. 'lll' the instance the \acuuin extends beyond depends upon thesizeo'l. the opening with the throttling valve in the position shown indotted lines in Fig. 1, and in the full lines in Fig. 4. In thisposition, the vacuum is limited or localized around the oil nozzle tothe exclusion of the water nozzle. The resultant rush of air past 'theoil inlet nozzle tain percent, of its rated horse-power, the

throttle valve willhave reached the dotted line position in Fig. l 01'to the position where there will be a slight opening past the waterinlet nozzle 28. With the throttling valve in this position, the vacuumwhich has heretofore been localized only around the oil inlet nozzle, isnow permitted to reach the space surrounding the water inlet nozzlewhereupon a limited amount of water will be drawn into the mixture onits way to the combustion chamber ot'the cylinder. with a furtherincrease of load the throttling valve 13 continues to rotate in aclockwise direction as viewed in Figs. 1 and t, permitting a greaterl'low'of air, oil and water to meet the requirements of heavy load conditions. "111 a similar manner, when the load 'on the engine decreasesfrom full load, the

effective area of the air passageway 11 is gradually diminished, thewater inlet nozzle being cut out of the vacuum zone when the load on theengine has decreased below this certain per cent. of its ratedhorse-powerQt-he vacuum being again localized around the oil inletnozzle 26. It is seen. that'the construction of thisearbureter is suchthat the thrpttle valve acts not only as a throttle but also as anadjustable choker so that when the throttle is cl0sed.by the action ofthe governor, the speed of theair past the fuel nozzle is increased, andthe proper amount of fuel taken in. -The relative amount of fuel in themixture can be varied by changing the position of the oil nozzle withrespect to the edge of the throttle valve. If at full loads the propermixture of air, fuel, and water is obtained, and at light load too muchwateris in the mixture, 'the amount of water can be controlled by makingthe dis tance between the nozzles greater, or by making the area of thefuel nozzle end greater in proportion to the area of the water nozzleend, so that the vacuum at light loads is concentrated to a greaterextent around the oil nozzle or does not extend to the water nozzle soquickly. In' my carbureter it is possible to localize the vacuum aroundthe oil nozzle alone to meet certain load conditions and also around theoil and water nozzles to meet other load conditions.

It is evident that various modifications can be made in the particulararrangement of my invention herein shown and described, and it is myintention to cover all such modifications which do not involve adeparture from the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new is:

1. A carbureter for internal combustion engines, said carburetorhaving-an air passageway, liquid fuel and water inlets directlyassociated with said air passageway, and means for localizing enginevacuum around the fuel inlet to the exclusion of the water inlet.

2. A carbureter for internal combustion engines, said carbureter havingan air passageway, fuel and water inlets directly associated with saidair passageway, and means for localizing engine vacuum around one ofsaid inlets to the exclusion of the other.

3. A carburetor for internal combustion engines,,said carburetor havingan air passageway, fuel and water inlets directly associated with saidpassageway, and means for first localizing engine vacuum around the fuelinlet and then around the fuel and water inlets as the load on theengine increases.

4. A carbureter for internal combustion engines, said carburetor havingan air passageway, fuel and water inlets directly associated with saidpassageway, and means for localizing successively-a vacuum around thefuel and water inlets as the engine load increases.

A carbureter for internal combustion engines, said carburetor having anair passageway of irregular section, fuel and water inlets associatedwith different parts of said passageway, and a throttling valve in saidpassageway by means of which avacuum may be localized around one of saidinlets to the exclusion of another.

6. A carbureter for internal combustion engines, said carburetor havingan air passageway of irregular section, fuel and water inlets associatedwith difierent parts of said passageway, and a throttling valve in saidpassageway by means of which a vacuum may be localized successivelyaround said inlets.

7. A carbureter for internal combustion engines, said carburetor havingan air passageway. with relatively large and small portions, a fuelsupply nozzle associated with the large portionof said air passageway, awater supply nozzle associated with the small portion of saidpassageway, and a throttling valve located in said passageway by meansof which localization of a vacuum may be controlled around said nozzlesto vary the richness of an explosive mixture.

8. A carburetor for internal combustion engines, said carbureter havingan air passageway with relatively large and small portions, a fuel inletnozzle associated with the large portion of said passageway, a waterinlet nozzle associated with the small portion of said passageway, anautomatically actuated valve for opening and closing said air passagewayin a manner to localize a vacuum in the large'portion of said airpassageway around said fuel nozzle and then around both the fuel andwater nozzles as the engine load varies.

9. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, a member having anair passageway extending therethrough with large and small portions,said member having a' cylindrical portion extending transversely there'-through forming an interior edge, fuel and water inlet nozzlesassociated respectively with the large and small portions of said airpassageway, and a throttling valve lOCflJd in the transverse cylindricalportion the edge of which valve is at an angle with respect to saidinterior edge to control a flow of air past said fuel and water inletnozzles in accordance with operating conditions.

1n testimony whereof I ai'iix my signature, in the presence of twowitnesses.

EDMUND J. KANE.

Witnesses S. E. Houston, JAMES D. MCGANN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, a; addressingthe Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. C.

